Gas-burner



I. M. JUSTICE.

GAS BURNER.

APPUCATION FILED SEPT. a, me.

1,367,704. Patented Feb.,8,1921.

- 2 SHEETSSHEET l. M. JUSTICE.

GAS BURNER APPLICATION FILED SEPT. s, 1919.

ice

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

barren stares PATENT ()FFECE.

ITHAMAR M. JUSTICE, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE MANUFACTURERSEQUIP- MENU. COMPANY, OF DAYTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

GAS-BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

Application filed September 6, 1919. Serial No. 322,085.

To aZZ whom it may concern Be it known that I, Trimaran M. JUs'rIon, acitizen of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county ofMontgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Gas-Burners, of which the following is a specification,reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to gas burners, particularly to gas burners usedin the manufacture of ceramic products. The improved burner of thepresent invention is especially adaptable to the use of producer gas,but may also be used successfully, with slight modifications or2cCljllSt11'l6I1tS,Wltll Dowson gas, water gas, or other similar gases,both the air and gas being introduced into the burners under pressurewith the result that the pressure within the burner and within thefurnace or kiln, to which the fuel in the state of combustion isdischarged from the burner, will be above atmospheric pressure.

An important object of the present invention is to provide in a gasburner of the general type of my earlier invention upon which Patent No.1,148,903 was issued to me Aug. 3rd, 1915, or other types of gas burnersused for similar 1)L1IPOS6S,1IW111S to cause a more direct and thoroughintermixture of the air and gas as it is discharged from the burner intothe kiln. This is accomplished in the present improved burner byconverging the flow of air as it is discharged from the air port andnozzle and comes in contact with the fuel gas. Thus a thoroughinter-mixture of the two elements, air and gas, is forced and maintainedat uniform proportions.

Both the air and gas supply inlets or conductors being provided withsuitable means of regulation, and both air and gas being introducedunder pressure, volume of air and gas may at all times be determined.Thus the temperatures within the lriln required to produce the bestresults in the treatment of diflferent wares as taught by experience maybe maintained throughout the burning operation and with the minimum offuel consumption.

The other features of? the present invention consist in. detailimprovements and refine the relative erally to more convenient andeffective operation of the burners; the improvements being the outgrowthof practical experience with burners of this type. i

A further object of my invention consists in providing for theportability of the burners so that a given number of burners may serve abattery of kilns having a greater number of individual kilns than thenumber of burners. This is an important feature of the invention tendingto economy in equipment cost, and is provided for merely by providingsuitable burner and kiln connections.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved burner;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical cross section of the burner taken onthe line 2-.2 of ig- Fig. 3 is an elevation of the discharge end of theburner;

Figs. 1, 5 and 6 are details, respectively, of the sand seal base cap,burner door and slide valve.

The improved burner as here shown consists of a gas chamber '1 havingintegral side and bottom walls and a removable top cover on wall 2. Thefront end of the burner is closed by an inclined door 3, which duringthe burning operations is seated in any suitable manner to preventleakage of gas through the door aperture.

The burner may be connected to a gas conduit 1, as here shown, or anysuitable source of gas supply, by means of a base 5 which is hollow andserves as the inlet port for the introduction of gas, preferably underpres sure, from the conduit 4 into the gas chamber 1. To provide forportability oithe burner, the connection of the base 5 with the gasconduit is made detachable, the con duit being provided withasupporting. plate 6 having an aperture 7 therein opening from theconduit into the base 5, and having an upwardly extending flange 8 whichserves to form an annular channel space 9 around the lower portion ofbase 5 when the base is seated on the supporting. plate 6. VVhentheburner is detached from the gas conduit and the particular kiln which.the conduit sup plies with gas, the sand seal, or such portion of it asmay be required, is removed and a the conduit, the seal being restoredif need be to prevent leakage of gas therefrom.

The discharge or nozzle end of the burner is preferably formedintegrally with the walls of the gas chamber 1, and consists ofconcentric air and gas nozzles '11 and 12 respectively, the nozzle 12being in effect an extension," somewhat reduced in diameter of the gaschamber 1 and terminating at its discharge end substantially inward ofthe discharge end of the air nozzle 11.

The air nozzle, as here shown, is also formed inte rally with the wallsof the gas chamber 1 and consists of annular air passages 13 and letsurrounding the gas nozzle and having an inlet port 15 communicatingwith an air pipe 16, the air passages 13 and 14: being separated by ribsor partition flanges 17 which are formed integrally with the nozzles 11and 12 and extend longitudinally therebetween, curving up "'ardly andterminating in a partition wall 18 extending upwardly from the nozzle 12intothe lower portion of the air inlet port 15. Thus the air receivedthrough the port is deflected over the outer top and bottom surfaces ofgas nozzle 12 and evenly distributed through passages 13 and let to thedischarge end of the air nozzle 11.

The gas and air nozzles as above described are substantially the same asshown in my patent herein referred to. An improvement of the presentinvention consists in providing the air pipe 16 with a suitable valve 19whereby the volume of air delivered therethrough may be regulated asrequired. A further improvement consists in modifying the constructionof the air nozzle by inclining the inner wall thereof, as itapproachesthe discharge end of the nozzle, inwardly, as shown at 20, whereby theair as it is discharged from the nozzle will be caused to converge ashort distance in advance of the end of the nozzle. Thus it will be seenthat the air and gas, both flowing under pressure, in practice about oneounce of pressure to the square inch in excess of atmospheric pressure,will be thoroughly intermingled and highly effective volatilization andcombustion will result.

In the practice of heat treating processes with burners of thischaracter in the manufacture of ceramic wares, the best results can beobtained only when the conditions of heat treatment are responsive-tothe requirements of the particular ware or quality of the clayundergoing treatment. A marked improvement over ordinary practiceconsists in introducing the air and gas to the kiln under properlybalanced or better regulated pres sure in excess of atmosphericpressure. Thus combustion of the fuel can be developed to a high stateof incandescence and maintained thereat throughout the kiln without anydeteriorating effect which might otherwise result, under the oldpractice, from ingress of cold air through crevices in the wall of thekiln. The practice of introducing air and fuel under pressure is not newin the present invention. However, the improved means above described tocause more rapid and more complete interminture of air and fuel in theburner aid materially in producing and maintaining the requiredeffectiveness of incandescent combustion to obtain the best results inproduction.

The remaining features of improvement of the present invention relate todetails of construction. as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, the slidevalve 21, by means of which the volume of gas delivered into chamber 1is regulated, is provided with a shifting bar 22 which extends at itsfree end through an aperture in the door 3, the bar being provided witha series of apertures 23 by means of which the bar and the valve 21attached thereto may be shifted longitudinally to regulate the size ofthe inlet into the gas chamber 1; adjustment of the valve being made bysuitable lever 24: which is adapted at one end to extend throughone ofthe apertures 23 and engage an aperture 25 in a. fulcrum plate 26secured on the under side of the burner to lugs 27 by screws 28, andextending outwardly of the burner substantially in the vertical plane ofand parallel with the shifting bar 22. Thus by operating the lever 24the valve 21 may be adjusted to any desired position relative to the gasintake port.

It has been found by experience that the formation and accumulation ofsoot and tar and other adhesive substances in the gas -.liamber 1 causesthe slide valve 21 to stick at times to the bottom of the chamber, thusmaking it difficult or impossible to adjust the valve in the usual way.To overcome the difliculty, the slide is provided in the lower edgethereof toward the door 3 with a recess 29, and the door is providedwith an apertureBO through which a pinch bar or other suitable devicemay be extended to en gage the plate at its recessed edge to pry thesame free of the bottom of the chamber and to enable normal operationthereof through the adjusting bar 22. The aperture 30 serves the furtherpurpose of an observation opening into the burner. and to admit air tothe chamber as required at times to procure desired mixtures of air andgas before the passes through the nozzle 12, being nor mally closed by acover cap 31., a detail of which is shown in Fig. 5. To provide forconvenient access to the interior of'the chamber 1, the top cover plate2 of the chamberis' made removable, the plate being concave orarch-shaped in cross section and extending longitudinally substantiallythe full length of the chamber. Thus with the removal of the'plate,ample and convenient access to the chamber is provided. The cover plateis provided with a flange 32 extending inwardly adjacent the four edgesthereof which serves to form a close fitting joint in the aperture inthe top of the chamber. If required, the joint may be made gas and airtight by sealing the same in any suitable manner.

The cover plate is further provided with an eye or aperturcd lug bymeans of which the plate may be engaged by a suit able lifting device toadjust the same rela tive to the chamber. An aperture 3%, normallyclosed by a ball 35, is also provided on the plate 2 wherebyobservations may be made of the interior of the chamber, and throughwhich suitable devices such as pokers or scrapers may be extended intothe chamber to remove any accumulation of sootor tar or otherobstructing substances therein.

From the foregoing detailed description, the construction and operationof my improved burner will be readily understood, the features of theinvention being further defined in the appended claims.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a gas burner, the combination, with a gas supply conduit and asealing plate having a recess therein, with a chamber having a basemovably located in said recess, a sealing medium in said recesspermitting of the movement of the base therein, and a valve mounted insaid chamber and operabletherein to control the flow of gas from theconduit to the chamber irrespective of the altitude of the chamber basein the recess.

2. In a gas burner, a gas chamber having a slide valve operable on thebottom thereof; said valve having an apertured adjusting bar connectedthereto and. extending at the free end thereof outside said chamber; anapertured fulcrum plate supported in fixed relation relative to saidchamber and to the valve adjusting bar; and a lever adapted to extendthrough an aperture in the adjusting bar and engage an aperture in saidfulcrum plate whereby said valve may be adjusted by operation of saidlever.

3. In a gas burner, a gas chamber having a slide valve operable on thebottom thereof; said valve having an adjusting bar connected thereto andextending at the free end thereof outside said chamber; a fulcrum platesup ported in fixed relation relative to said chamber and to the valveadjusting bar; and a lever adapted to be connected with the adjustingbar and said fulcrum whereby said valve may be adjusted. by operation ofsaid lever.

41. In a gas burner, a gas chamber having a slide valve operable on thebottom thereof; said valve having a recessed edge, whereby the valve maybe engaged by a suitable lever introduced through an aperture in thewall of said chamber and lifted at one edge thereof from the bottom ofthe chamber.

5. In a as burner, a gas chamber having relatively nXed side and bottomwalls, a gas inlet and a, valve in the bottom of said chamber, saidchamber having an open topextending longitudinally thereof and normallyclosed by a cover plate, whereby, with the removal of said plate, readyaccess may be obtained to the chamber to effect adjustments of saidvalve.

6. In a gas burner, a gas chamber having relatively fixed side andbottom walls, a gas inlet and a valve in the bottom of said chamher,said chamber having an open top extending longitudinally thereof andnormally closed by a cover plate, whereby, with the removal of saidplate, ready access may be obtained to the chamber to effect adjustmentsof said valve, and a normally closed aperture in the cover plate wherebywhen said plate is in normal position relative to the chamber, suitabledevices may be introduced therethrough to remove obstructing substancesrelative to said valve.

7. In a. gas burner, a gas nozzle, an air nozzle outside thereof, aninlet for air at one side of said air nozzle, and a partition dividingsaid inlet on a line perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle, saidpartition continuing into and dividing the space between the nozzlesinto two parts on a line substantially perpendicular to the axis of theinlet, and an inclined portion of the wall of the air nozzle whereby airdischarged therethrough will be caused to converge at a. point oppositethe discharge aperture thereof.

8. In a gas burner, a gas nozzle, an air 1.

nozzle outside thereof, an inlet admitting air to the outer nozzle, anda partition which divides the air at the inlet and delivers it at theend of the gas nozzle in two sections divided on a line perpendicular tothe axis of the inlet, and an inclined portion of the wall of the airnozzle whereby air discharged therethrough will be caused to converge ata point opposite the discharge aperture thereof.

9. in a gas burner, a nozzle, an air nozzle outside thereof, the latterextending a substantial distance beyond the end of the former, an inletadmitting air to the outer nozzle, and a partition whichdivides theinlet on a line perpendicular to the axis of the nozzles, said partitioncontinuing into and dividing the space between the nozzles into twoparts on a line substantially perpendicu lar to the axis of the inlet,and an inclined portion of the wall of the air nozzle whereby airdischarged therethrough will be caused to converge at point opposite thedischarge aperture thereof.

10. In a gas burner, agas nozzle, and an air nozzle outside thereofformed integrally with the burner, an inlet to admit air to the outernozzle, and means for confining part of said air to half of the spacebetween the nozzles and the remainder of the air to'the other half oisaid space, and an inwardly inclined end of the air nozzle whereby airdischarged therethrough will be caused to intersect the discharge fromthe gas nozzle and to converge at a point opposite the dischargeaperture thereof.

11. In a gas burner, a gas nozzle, and an air nozzle outside thereofformed integrally with the burner, means for introducing air to said airnozzle, and a partition dividing the space between the nozzles into twoparts, said partition being so arranged that the air admitted will beequally divided between said parts, and an inwardly inclined end of theair nozzle whereby air discharged therethrough will be caused tointersect the discharge from the gas nozzle and to converge at a pointopposite the discharge aperture thereof.

In testimony whereof Iaffix my signature.

IIHAMAR M. answer.

